Fig. 1

Geographic, phylogenetic, and principal component relationship of Kenyan honeybees. a) Geographic locations of sampled apiaries. Each individual is designated according to the ecological region in which it was sampled, with S = savannah, C = coast, D = desert, and M = mountains. Colors indicate Köppen-Geiger climate regions, see (Peel, et al. 2007) [106]. b) Neighbor-joining tree inferred from full mitochondrial sequences. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The tree is drawn to scale. c) Neighbor-joining tree inferred from full nuclear sequences. Numbers indicate the branch lengths