Fig. 6

Ranking of breeding schemes according to their mean annual increase in inbreeding for (a) Deli and (b) La Mé populations. Inbreeding is expressed as a percentage of inbreeding in the parental populations in the initial generation (generation 0) per year. The breeding scheme includes the breeding strategy (RRS: reciprocal recurrent selection [black], RRGS: reciprocal recurrent genomic selection), individuals genotyped to calibrate the GS model (_PAR: genotyping only parents of progeny tests when calibrating the GS model [dark gray], _HYB: genotyping in addition hybrid individuals [light gray]), number of candidate individuals per population and generation (120 and 300; in RRS, the set of candidate individuals is limited to the 120 progeny-tested individuals of each parental population), the progeny test frequency (GGGG: every generation, GMGM: every two generations and GMMM: every four generations) and the number of genotyped individuals (0, 300, 1000 and 1700). Values are means over 45 replicates (3 numbers of QTL × 3 percentage of pleiotropic QTL × 5 replicates). Values with the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.001. Bars indicate standard deviations