Long-term genomic selection for heterosis without dominance in multiplicative traits: case study of bunch production in oil palm

Table 3 Ranking of breeding schemes according to their mean annual response

Rank	Breeding strategy	Progeny test frequency	Number of candidates	Number of genotyped hybrids	Annual response (%)	Change compared to RRS (%)
1	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	300	1700	0.45 a	71.8 %
2	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	300	1000	0.41 b	53.8 %
3	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	120	1700	0.39 bc	47.7 %
4	RRGS_PAR	GMMM	300		0.38 bcd	45.7 %
5	RRGS_PAR	GMGM	300		0.38 bcd	45.0 %
6	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	300	1700	0.36 cde	38.3 %
7	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	300	1000	0.36 cde	38.2 %
8	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	120	1000	0.35 de	34.2 %
9	RRGS_PAR	GMMM	120		0.34 e	30.7 %
10	RRGS_PAR	GMGM	120		0.34 ef	27.6 %
11	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	120	1700	0.33 ef	25.8 %
12	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	120	1000	0.31 fg	17.3 %
13	RRGS_PAR	GGGG	300		0.28 gh	7.7 %
14	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	300	300	0.28 gh	6.3 %
15	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	300	1700	0.28 gh	5.1 %
16	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	300	300	0.27 hi	3.4 %
17	RRGS_PAR	GGGG	120		0.26 hi	0.1 %
18	RRS	GGGG	120		0.26 hi	0.0 %
19	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	300	1000	0.26 hi	−0.5 %
20	RRGS_HYB	GMMM	120	300	0.25 hij	−4.3 %
21	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	120	1700	0.24 ijk	−8.3 %
22	RRGS_HYB	GMGM	120	300	0.24 ijk	−9.0 %
23	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	120	1000	0.22 jk	−15.2 %
24	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	300	300	0.21 kl	−20.6 %
25	RRGS_HYB	GGGG	120	300	0.18 l	−32.8 %

The annual response is expressed in percentage of hybrid production in the initial generation (generation 0) per year. Breeding scheme includes the breeding strategy (RRS: reciprocal recurrent selection, RRGS: reciprocal recurrent genomic selection), individuals genotyped to calibrate the GS model (_PAR: genotyping only parents of progeny tests when calibrating the GS model, _HYB: genotyping, in addition, hybrid individuals), number of candidates per population and generation (120 and 300, in RRS the set of candidates is limited to the 120 progeny-tested individuals of each parental population), progeny test frequency (GGGG: every generation, GMGM: every two generations and GMMM: every four generations) and for RRGS_HYB number of genotyped hybrids (300, 1000 and 1700). Values are means over 45 replicates (3 numbers of QTL × 3 percentage of pleiotropic QTL × 5 replicates). Values with the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2164