Fig. 1

VP1620 significantly decreased cyst formation of H. avenae: a Number of cysts growing on VP1620. The cyst numbers, which were counted at 90 days post CCN-inoculation on VP1620, were dramatically reduced by approximately eight-fold compared to compatible wheat WEN19. Mean and standard errors were determined using data from three independent replicates. Different letters denote significant differences (P value ≤0.05, n = 3). b Early developmental stages of CCN within VP1620. The CCNs within both VP1620 and WEN19 were examined by staining with acid fuchsin at 24 h, 3 d and 8 d (scale bar = 500 μm)