Functional analysis and transcriptional output of the Göttingen minipig genome

BMC Genomics

Table 1 Preclinical minipig responses and clinical human responses of marketed drugs

Drug	Indication	Drug target	Gene	Minipig		Human		Interspecies target similarity
				Systemic responses	Dermal response	Systemic responses	Dermal response	Interspecies target similarity
Pimecrolimus	Atopic dermatitis	Calcineurin	FKBP1A / PPP3CA	low thymus weight	none	none	mild itching	95.4 % / 94.6 %
				arteritis		-
				lymphocytes accumulation		-
				lung lymphoid tissue increase		-
Everolimus	Immuno-suppression	mTOR protein kinase	FKBP1A / MTOR	Diarrhea	n.a.	Diarrhea	n.a.	95.4 % / 99.6 %
				Dermatitis		Stomatitis
				Sedation		Sedation
				Weak limbs		Weak limbs
				Slow breathing		Slow breathing
				Bloody feces		-
Tretinoin	Acne treatment	Retinoic acid receptors	RXRB/G	n.a.	Erythema	n.a.	Erythema	98.5 % / 99.1 %
	Acute myeloid leukemia	Retinoic acid receptors			-		Itching
Determir insulin	Diabetes	Insulin receptor	INSR	n.a.	reversible local reactions	n.a.	reversible local reactions	~99.7 %^a
Alendronate	Osteoporosis	farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	FDPS	increased bone turnover in ovariectomized minipgs	n.a.	increased bone turnover in post-menopausal women	n.a.	93.8 %
Meloxicam	Rheumatic Arthritis	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	PTGS2	Gastric ulcers	n.a.	Gastric ulcers	n.a.	>94 %^a
				Chronic bronchopneumonia		Asthma, dyspnea, bronchospasm
				Lethargy		Fatigue
Carvedilol	Hyper-tension	adrenic receptor family	ADRB1/2	Cardioprotection	n.a.	Cardioprotection	n.a.	~89.3 %
			ADRA1A/1B	Reduction of infarct size		Reduction of infarct size		96.4 % / 98.7 %

^afull minipig sequence not available
Response data were taken were taken from pre-clinical minipig drug safety toxicology studies or from public clinical trial databases. The interspecies target similarity was calculated based on protein sequence alignment

ISSN: 1471-2164