Fig. 3

Phylogenetic analysis of P. ulmi putative CCEs. A set of P. ulmi, P. citri, T. urticae, D. melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae and Apis mellifera CCE protein sequences were aligned using MUSCLE, subsequently trimmed according to [49] and subjected to a maximum-likelihood analysis using Treefinder [89]. The tree was midpoint rooted and numbers at the branch point of each node represent the bootstrap value resulting from 1000 pseudoreplicates (LR-ELW). The scale bar represents 0.5 substitutions per site. Tetranychid CCEs clustered into clades [21,49]: F’ (Crustacean/Acari JhE), I, J (AChEs), J, J”, K (gliotactins), L (neuroligins), M (neurotactins) and three undetermined clades (NC). Colour and shape codes are as follows: P. ulmi, green triangle, P. citri, yellow triangle, T. urticae, red square, D. melanogaster, black dot, Anopheles gambiae, purple dot and Apis mellifera, blue dot. An arrow and an asterisk indicate CCEs associated with high levels of spirodiclofen resistance in P. ulmi (this study) and T. urticae [20], respectively. CCE protein sequences and accession numbers can be found in Additional file 9