Fig. 1

Phylogenetic relationships (modified from Roalson et al. [10]) and flower developmental stages sampled in Achimenes. a Floral morphological characters of interest are mapped onto the tips of the cladogram, including: pollination syndrome, primary flower color, corolla shape, and corolla gibbosity/presence of petal spurs. Four species were sampled for this study from across the genus and are indicated by a star. b The time-points sampled were: Bud, Stage D, and Pre-Anthesis flower buds. Bud stage was defined as pigmentation is largely absent and cells are beginning to elongate. Stage D was defined as pigmentation beginning to accumulate and the corolla begins to elongate. Pre-Anthesis stage was defined as flowers are nearly fully pigmented, the final size and shape of the flower has been determined, and the petal spur has developed from the corolla tube (as in A. patens). Scale bar equals 1 cm. All photos provided by W.R.R