Effects of dietary physical or nutritional factors on morphology of rumen papillae and transcriptome changes in lactating dairy cows based on three different forage-based diets

Table 2 Nutritional and Physical features [Particle size (PS) distribution (%) and physically effective NDF (peNDF)] of three experimental diets (n = 5)

	Diet^a				P-value
Item^b	AH	CS	RS	SEM	AH vs. CS	AH vs. RS	CS vs. RS
Nutritional factor
CP	16.7	16.2	16.0	0.25	0.02	0.01	0.47
Net energy for lactation_, Mcal/kg	1.57	1.45	1.43
Physical factor
PS, >19.0mm	32.2	16.9	40.4	1.84	<0.01	0.03	<0.01
PS, 8.0 to 19.0 mm	16.0	30.6	10.4	1.89	<0.01	0.07	<0.01
PS, 1.18 to 8.0 mm	35.8	36.1	33.0	2.08	0.94	0.46	0.18
PS, <1.18 mm	16.1	16.4	16.2	1.34	0.81	0.96	0.91
peNDF_19.0	10.0	6.1	14.9	0.67	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
peNDF_8.0	23.4	25.0	33.7	1.71	0.34	<0.01	<0.01

^aAH = Total mixed ration (TMR) containing alfalfa hay as the main forage; CS = TMR containing corn stover as the main forage; RS = TMR containing rice straw as the main forage
^bCP = crude protein; NE_L = Calculated values based on Chinese recommondations; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; peNDF_8.0 measured as the NDF content of diet multiplied by proportion of particles > 8.0 mm; peNDF_19.0 measured as the NDF content of diet multiplied by proportion of particles > 19.0 mm; Particle size distribution determined by the Penn State Particle Separator sieving technique

ISSN: 1471-2164