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Table 4 Differences in functional enrichments between EPA and promoters using Pathway Commons

From: Characteristics of functional enrichment and gene expression level of human putative transcriptional target genes

Cell type

Term of functional annotation

No. of TF EPA (Association rule 4)

No. of TF Promoter

P-value

Experimental support

Monocytes

IFN-gamma pathway

51

10

6.89 × 10−4

[12]

 

IL3-mediated signaling events

46

11

4.69 × 10−3

[13]

 

GMCSF-mediated signaling events

43

10

5.25 × 10−3

[14]

 

PDGF receptor signaling network

43

8

1.34 × 10−2

[15]

 

VEGF and VEGFR signaling network

44

9

2.10 × 10−3

[16]

CD4+ T cell

Integrin family cell surface interactions

112

13

2.59 × 10−12

[17]

 

IFN-gamma pathway

107

12

5.26 × 10−12

[18]

 

LKB1 signaling events

107

11

1.96 × 10−12

[19]

 

TCR signaling in naive CD4+ T cells

103

21

3.98 × 10−8

[20]

 

IL3-mediated signaling events

100

8

9.54 × 10−13

[21]

CD20+ B cell

Integrin family cell surface interactions

69

2

5.17 × 10−11

[22]

 

IL5-mediated signaling events

64

0

2.21 × 10−11

[23]

 

Insulin Pathway

63

0

3.15 × 10−11

[24]

 

mTOR signaling pathway

63

0

3.15 × 10−11

[25]

 

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway

63

0

3.15 × 10−11

[26]

  1. Immune cell-related functional annotations were enriched more in ‘promoter and extended regions for enhancer-promoter association (EPA)’ than promoters. Five annotations are shown in each cell type. These functions are confirmed to be related to the cellular functions by reference journal papers. Chi-square tests were conducted using the total number of putative transcriptional target genes (Additional file 1: Figure S14)