Fig. 6

The phylogenetic relationships of insect hemomucin genes and the associations of mucin domain with immune evasion in M. cingulum. a the hemomucin genes of 69 insects were collected from the NCBI GenBank. Among which, 15 insects have two hemomucin genes, one with intact mucin domain and the other without mucin domain. Thirty-two insects have only one hemomucin gene with mucin domain whereas 22 insects have only one hemomucin gene without mucin domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that some wasps lost the mucin domain such as Cotesia vestalis and Microplitis demolitor whereas other wasps have mucin domain. b For the larval parasitoids, we found that only two wasps (M. cingulum and V. canescens) with immune evasion have the mucin domain whereas other wasps with PDV or teratocytes (or both) do not have. c The mucin domains have abundant O-glycosylation sites. The O-glycosylation status of the mucin domain involved in conferring the immune evasion in M. cingulum (unpublished data)