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Table 2 Mean false discovery proportion (FDP), mean number of falsely rejected null hypotheses out of 99,600, i.e. false positives (FP) and mean number of correctly rejected non-null hypotheses out of 400 s, i.e. true positives (TP) over 100 simulation runs and a covariate-modulated false discovery rate (cmfdr) cut-off of 0.05

From: A correction for sample overlap in genome-wide association studies in a polygenic pleiotropy-informed framework

#

ρ

 

Independent

Overlapping

Overlapping, corrected

0

0

    
  

FDP

5.96E-03 (4.99E-03, 6.92E-03)

5.92E-03 (4.97E-03, 6.88E-03)

6.03E-03 (5.07E-03,7.00E-03)

  

TP

268.55 (267.90, 269.90)

268.52 (267.18, 269.86)

268.59 (267.18, 269.86)

  

FP

1.62 (1.36, 1.88)

1.61 (1.35, 1.87)

1.64 (1.37, 1.91)

500

0.04

    
  

FDP

5.32E-03 (4.41E-03,6.22E-03)

5.58E-03 (4.58E-03,6.59E-03)

4.77E-03 (3.81E-03,5.73E-03)

  

TP

262.75 (261.58,263.92)

266.3 (264.99, 267.61)

260.47 (259.05, 261.61)

  

FP

1.41 (1.17, 1.65)

1.5 (1.23, 1.77,)

1.25 (1.00, 1.50)

1000

0.08

    
  

FDP

5.83E-03 (4.87E-03, 6.78E-03)

8.02E-03 (6.81E-03, 9.23E-03)

5.69E-03 (4.76E-03,6.63E-03)

  

TP

263.43 (262.08, 264.78)

271.85 (270.59, 273.11)

258.92 (257.57, 260.27)

  

FP

1.55 (1.29, 1.81)

2.21 (1.87, 2.55)

1.49 (1.24, 1.74)

1500

0.12

    
  

FDP

5.25E-03 (4.44E-03, 6.06E-03)

1.21E-02 (1.08E-03, 1.34E-02)

6.00E-03 (5.08E-03, 6.92E-03)

  

TP

263.67 (262.43, 264.91)

277.11 (275.82, 278.40)

257.79 (256.51, 259.07)

  

FP

1.4 (1.18, 1.62)

3.4 (3.02, 3.78)

1.56 (1.32, 1.80)

2000

0.16

    
  

FDP

4.42E-03 (3.61E-03, 5.22E-03)

1.77E-02 (1.61E-02, 1.92E-02)

4.06E-03 (3.26E-03, 4.86E-03)

  

TP

255.16 (253.98, 256.34)

274.18 (273.10, 275.26)

248.52 (247.27, 249.77)

  

FP

1.14 (0.93, 1.35)

4.96 (4.51, 5.41)

1.02 (0.82, 1.22)

2500

0.20

    
  

FDP

5.03E-03 (4.16E-03,5.90E-03)

3.64E-02 (3.38E-02, 3.91E-02)

5.20E-03 (4.28E-03, 6.12E-03)

  

TP

258.84 (257.51, 260.17)

288.47 (287.29, 289.65)

249.59 (248.22, 250.96)

  

FP

1.31 (1.08, 1.54)

10.98 (10.15, 11.81)

1.31 (1.08, 1.54)

3000

0.24

    
  

FDP

5.08E-03 (4.18E-03, 5.97E-03)

7.08E-02 (6.74E-02,7.42E-02)

6.32E-03 (5.41E-03, 7.22E.03)

  

TP

261.65 (260.32, 262.98)

300.52 (299.39, 301.65)

250.14 (248.75, 251.53)

  

FP

1.34 (1.10, 1.58)

23.03 (21.83, 24.23)

1.6 (1.37, 1.83)

3500

0.28

    
  

FDP

4.24E-03 (3.52E-03, 4.96E-03)

1.25E-01 (1.21E-01, 1.30E-01)

5.57E-03 (4.74E-03, 6.40E-03)

  

TP

268.5 (267.37, 269.63)

315.07 (314.00, 316.14)

256.42 (255.08, 257.76)

  

FP

1.15 (0.95, 1.35)

45.42 (43.46, 47.38)

1.44 (1.23, 1.65)

4000

0.32

    
  

FDP

3.62E-03 (2.84E-03, 4.41E-03)

1.98E-01 (1.93E-01, 2.03E-01)

4.74E-03 (3.91E-03, 5.56E-03)

  

TP

262.39 (261.27, 263.51)

316.5 (315.46, 317.54)

249.16 (247.94, 250.38)

  

FP

0.96 (0.75, 1.17)

78.65 (76.05, 81.25)

1.19 (0.98, 1.40)

4500

0.36

    
  

FDP

4.81E-03 (3.99E-03, 5.63E-03)

2.89E-01 (2.83E-01, 2.94E-01)

5.49E-03 (4.54E-03, 6.44E-03)

  

TP

259.29 (258.16, 260.42)

319.99 (319.04, 320.94)

245.16 (243.92, 246.40)

  

FP

1.26 (1.04, 1.48)

130.41 (127.08, 133.74)

1.36 (1.12, 1.60)

5000

0.40

    
  

FDP

5.44E-03 (4.57E-03, 6.31E-03)

3.98E-01 (3.92E-01, 4.04E-01)

6.79E-03 (5.78E-03, 7.80E-03)

  

TP

262.26 (261.02, 263.50)

334.25 (333.28, 335.22)

245.02 (243.66, 246.38)

  

FP

1.44 (1.21, 1.67)

222.52 (216.73, 228.31)

1.68 (1.43, 1.93)

  1. Here d=100,000 SNPs were simulated, of which 400 were non-null in both study 1 and study 2, i.e., the positive pleiotropy senario. The test statistics for study 2 were used as a covariate for study 1 for the covariate-modulated fdr. For each simulation, we divided the simulated subjects into the following GWAS pairs: Independent, independent GWASs with no overlap (each with n=10,000), Overlapping, uncorrected, overlapping GWAS with (each with including between 0 and 5000 overlapping subjects) and Overlapping, corrected, the GWAS with overlapping subjects after correction for sample overlap. Data is presented as mean (95% confidence interval)
  2. #, number overlapping. ρ, correlation due to overlap