Table 1 Subset of wolf-like (a) and dog-like (b) outlier genes detected in Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs analysed in this study which have been previously described in the canid literature

 CRHBP

BayeScan

3

29,726,312

29,738,001

[60]

Social behavior and maternal aggression

 NPHP4

PCAdmix, GO

5

59,805,955

59,936,808

[64]

Bone and retinal disorder

 ENO1

PCAdmix

5

62,301,164

62,312,161

[57]

Related to mRNA transcript variants, genes responsible for bone and cartilage tissues

 ASTN2

BGC

11

70,248,612

70,977,896

[57]

Related to mRNA transcript variants, genes responsible for bone and cartilage tissues

 PCDH15

BGC, GO

26

33,962,360

34,571,935

[63]

Vision regulation and hearing abilities

 BMP3

BGC

32

5,207,833

5,231,966

[58]

Morphological features: paws and bones

 ARID1B

PCAdmix

1

46,370,636

46,799,104

[68]

Cellular responses, DNA repair

 URI1

BGC, GO

1

121,528,137

121,612,185

[57]

DNA-binding

 RPE65

F_ST SNP

6

76,887,399

76,911,146

[64, 67]

Dog diseases (Leber congenital amaurosis)

 EPAS1

PCAdmix, GO

10

48,551,410

48,634,643

[77]

Environmental adaptation

 ASCC3

PCAdmix, GO

12

58,592,025

58,932,720

[68]

Cellular responses, DNA repair

 GRIK2

PCAdmix, GO

12

59,590,231

59,992,091

[68]

Lipid metabolism

 SMARCD3

PCAdmix, GO

16

15,279,418

15,289,275

[77]

Muscle cell differentiation, heart morphogenesis

 ZMAT4

F_ST SNP, PCAdmix

16

24,561,867

24,889,045

[57]

DNA-binding

 ADAM9

PCAdmix , GO

16

26,410,907

26,551,122

[64]

Dog diseases (cone-rod dystrophy)

 STRN

F_ST SNP

17

29,273,978

29,365,239

[78]

Dog diseases (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)

 MGST2

PCAdmix

19

3,067,163

3,070,563

[68]

Cellular responses, DNA repair

 NOCT

PCAdmix, GO

19

3,589,720

3,607,191

[65]

Circadian rhythms, body weight and digestion

 SLC7A11

PCAdmix

19

4,289,915

4,371,635

[68]

Lipid metabolism

 CNTN5

PCAdmix

21

1,128,048

1,614,989

[20]

Nervous system differentation

 OXT

PCAdmix

24

18,193,429

18,194,002

[69]

Learning and memory processes

 CBDs

PCAdmix

24

20,614,030

20,971,219

[68]

Immune system

 DEFB119

PCAdmix

24

20,905,210

20,918,355

[68]

Immune system

 HM13

PCAdmix, GO

24

21,026,827

21,067,920

[68]

Cellular responses, DNA repair

 RALY

ROH

24

23,211,141

23,262,511

[46]

Coat color

 ASIP

ROH

24

23,354,642

23,393,918

[20, 46]

Coat color, social behavior

 NCOA6

ROH

24

23,802,887

23,866,792

[68]

Co-activation of several hormone-dependent receptors

 ACSS2

ROH

24

23,928,670

23,972,633

[68]

Lipid metabolism

TMEM132D

F_ST SNP, PCAdmix

26

2,074,728

2,662,470

[68]

Oligodendrocyte differentiation, metabolism

 CUX2

PCAdmix, GO

26

8,730,082

8,996,271

[68]

DNA-binding

 SEZ6L

PCAdmix, GO

26

19,889,395

20,079,319

[70]

Social behavior

 ARVCF

BGC, PCAdmix, GO

26

29,314,144

29,534,294

[70]

Polydactyly and morphological features

 COMT

PCAdmix, GO

26

29,360,372

29,366,006

[70]

Social behavior (aggression and attention regulation)

 PCDH15

BayeScan, PCAdmix, F_ST SNP, GO

26

33,962,360

34,571,935

[63]

Polydactyly and morphological features, vision and hearing abilities, communication and behavior

 BMPR1B

PCAdmix, GO

32

17,819,265

17,978,113

[66]

Polydactyly and morphological features

 UNC5C

F_ST SNP, PCAdmix, GO

32

17,987,785

18,332,959

[66]

Tumor suppression

 BANK1

PCAdmix, GO

32

23,281,315

23,603,279

[67]

Regulation processes of calcium ions

 TGIF1

PCAdmix

32

32,950,116

32,950,934

[66]

Nervous system differentation

 IGF2BP2

PCAdmix

34

18,368,131

18,522,156

[75, 76]

Lipid metabolism

 MARCH7

BGC

36

5,499,129

5,531,823

[43]

Cellular responses, DNA repair

 NHEJ1

PCAdmix, GO

37

25,633,562

25,719,307

[80]

Dog diseases (Collie eye anomaly)

 SLC4A3

PCAdmix

37

26,136,624

26,149,312

[64, 79]

Dog diseases (progressive retinal atrophy)