Fig. 1

Growth, pigmentation, pathogenicity, symbiosis and luminescence of P. luminescens strains TT01 and DJC. a Growth curve of P. luminescens TT01 and DJC cultivated in LB broth at 30 °C for 7 days. b Pigmentation of a liquid culture of P. luminescens strain TT01 and DJC after 48 h of growth in LB broth at 30 °C. c Insect pathogenicity. Mortality rate of Galleria mellonella larvae after injection of 200,000 or 200 cells, respectively of P. luminescens strain TT01 or DJC (i). Pigmentation (left panel) and bioluminescence (right panel) of dead larvae 48 h after being infected by either P. luminescens strain TT01 or DJC (ii). d Quantification of bioluminescence of P. luminescens strain TT01 and DJC cultivated in LB broth. RLUs = Relative Light Units. e Symbiosis assays. Number of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora hermaphrodites 8 days after addition of nematodes to the respective P. luminescens strain as read-out for the ability to support nematode development. The asterisks (**) indicate statistically significant differences with a p-value smaller than 0.001. Error bars represent standard error of three independently performed experiments.