Fig. 3
From: Alignment-free genome comparison enables accurate geographic sourcing of white oak DNA
Comparison of intra- and inter-continental \( {d}_2^{\ast } \) dissimilarities with sequence quantity of 100 Mbp based on a) Asian, b) European, and c) North American sources. The k-mer length is 12 and the Markov order of the background sequence is 10. The p-values were calculated based on the Wilkinson-Man-Whitney test statistic and by permuting the continental labels of the white oak tree samples 107 times. The inter-continental \( {d}_2^{\ast } \) dissimilarities are significantly higher than intra-continental \( {d}_2^{\ast } \) dissimilarities