Multi-population GWAS and enrichment analyses reveal novel genomic regions and promising candidate genes underlying bovine milk fatty acid composition

Table 1 Phenotypic means (with standard deviations, SD) and genetic parameters (with standard errors, SE) in the combined-population dataset

FAs	Mean	SD	\( {\sigma}_a^2 \)	SE	h²	SE
Saturated FAs^a
C8:0	1.18	0.38	0.008	0.04	0.27	0.03
C10:0	2.80	0.58	0.07	0.09	0.39	0.04
C12:0	3.58	0.76	0.09	0.11	0.33	0.04
C14:0	11.0	1.26	0.21	0.17	0.25	0.03
C15:0	1.09	0.18	0.004	0.02	0.23	0.04
C16:0	30.20	3.53	1.80	0.48	0.34	0.04
C18:0	10.30	1.99	0.52	0.29	0.25	0.04
Unsaturated FAs^a
C14:1	1.19	0.35	0.03	0.05	0.47	0.04
C16:1	1.49	0.35	0.05	0.07	0.46	0.04
C18:1c9	21.90	4.37	1.38	0.46	0.27	0.04
C18:2n6	1.89	1.19	0.01	0.05	0.18	0.03
C18:3n3	0.48	0.13	0.005	0.01	0.19	0.03
CLA	0.53	0.23	0.004	0.02	0.21	0.04
Desaturation indexes^b
C14 index	9.71	2.37	1.57	0.37	0.53	0.03
C16 index	4.70	0.97	0.32	0.19	0.38	0.04
C18 index	67.80	3.98	3.95	0.73	0.31	0.04

^aExpressed in % wt/wt
^bDesaturation indexes calculated as unsaturated/(unsaturated + saturated) × 100

ISSN: 1471-2164