Fig. 3

Performance for matrix generation across six commonly used tools. Each tool was evaluated separately using 100 VCF files, each corresponding to an individual cancer genome, containing total somatic mutations between 1000 and 10 million. a CPU runtime recorded in seconds (log-scale) and b maximum memory usage in megabytes (log-scale). *SigneR was unable to generate a matrix for 10⁷ mutations as it exceeded the available memory of 192 gigabytes. Performance metrics exclude visualization