The recombination-cold region as an epidemiological marker of recombinogenic opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium avium

Table 1 Features of MAH lineages

Lineage	Major isolation countries¹	Host or niche²	Notable feature of the chromosome
EA1	Japan, Korea	Human adult³, bathroom⁵	Highly mosaic
EA2	Japan, Korea	Human adult³, bathroom⁵	Relatively few imports, inversion⁴
SC1	USA	Little information	Little information
SC2	Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Russia, USA, Japan (pig isolates)	Human adult³ and child, soil, dust, pig	Relatively few imports
SC3	USA, Germany	Animals, water, soil, human	Highly mosaic
SC4	Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Russia, USA, Japan (pig isolates)	Animals, soil, dust, human adult and child	Close relative of SC2, highly mosaic

1. Apart from the present study, the lineages of human isolates in Korea, Russia, and the Netherlands, and isolates from bathrooms and pigs in Japan were deduced previously using BAPS mixture analysis based on 14 loci MLVA data [21, 27, 38, 39]
2. Hosts and niches of sequenced isolates are shown in Additional file 1: Table S1
3. Uchiya et al [40] reported a significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility between EA1, EA2, and SC2 human isolates
4. Uchiya et al [37] reported a difference in chromosome structure between TH135 (EA2) and Mah104 (SC2)
5. Arikawa et al [10] reported the presence of MAH in the bathrooms of healthy volunteers

ISSN: 1471-2164