Fig. 4

Gene families with significant expansions in C. vestalis and/or D. collaris when compared to select other arthropod species. Gene families in C. vestalis with significant expansions (p < 0.001, chi-square test) were: CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), PLA2s (phospholipase A2-like), SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1), RNASET2 (ribonuclease T2), and CA7 (carbonic anhydrase VII). Gene families with significant expansions in D. collaris were: four subfamilies of histone (H2A, H2B, H3, H4), FAS (fatty acid synthase), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9 desaturase)), ELOVL (elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein), TUBA5 (Tubulin alpha-5), ABCD3 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 3), ZBED1 (zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 1), Apo-D (apolipoprotein D), IAP (apoptosis 1 inhibitor), PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase), Tret (trehalose transporter), and SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein). The number of NEP family was much higher in the four Ichneumonidae species when compared to other species in the Figure. The pie charts mean numbers of gene loss and gain in each genome: green means gene gain and red means gene loss. Slices with different colours represent numbers of orthologues in each expanded gene family. Light blue means the lowest number and orange means the highest number