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Table 1 Over- and underrepresented terms from a GO enrichment analysis. Cor = Coregonus, Salv = Salvelinus, OGs = orthogroups

From: Parallel selection on ecologically relevant gene functions in the transcriptomes of highly diversifying salmonids

GO category

p-value

p-value (Cor + Salv)

# in OGs under selection

# in reference OGs

# in OGs under selection (Cor + Salv)

# in reference OGs (Cor + Salv)

Overrepresented GO terms – relaxed selection

 PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

2.55E-03

3.03E-03

2

0

2

0

 acrosome reaction

2.55E-03

3.03E-03

2

0

2

0

 integral component of membrane

3.96E-03

1.77E-02

21

205

17

163

 transcription factor complex

4.59E-03

5.52E-02

11

78

8

68

 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

6.29E-03

3.12E-02

10

70

8

60

 DNA-binding transcription factor activity

1.22E-02

5.98E-02

9

66

7

57

 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

1.35E-02

2.20E-01

4

15

2

14

 lipid metabolic process

1.43E-02

8.76E-03

2

2

2

1

 protein serine/threonine kinase activity

2.00E-02

1.48E-02

3

9

3

7

 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

2.30E-02

2.71E-02

2

3

2

3

 phospholipid catabolic process

2.30E-02

2.71E-02

2

3

2

3

 tyrosine metabolic process

3.34E-02

3.92E-02

2

4

2

4

 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

3.34E-02

2.71E-02

2

4

2

3

 serine family amino acid metabolic process

3.70E-02

1.96E-02

3

12

3

8

 nucleus

4.42E-02

6.75E-02

10

98

9

84

Overrepresented GO terms – intensified selection

 protein deubiquitination

1.73E-03

1.33E-01

3

4

1

3

 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

2.17E-03

5.18E-03

10

81

8

70

 thiol-dependent ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity

8.36E-03

1.02E-01

2

2

1

2

 DNA binding

2.48E-02

1.68E-02

8

85

7

70

 steroid hormone receptor activity

2.71E-02

2.29E-02

2

5

2

5

 acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 Lys48-specific deubiquitinase activity

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 Sin3 complex

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 histone H3-K4 demethylation

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 retinoic acid biosynthetic process

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 NADP-retinol dehydrogenase activity

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 catalase activity

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 obsolete peroxidase reaction

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 response to oxidative stress

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 methane metabolic process

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 palmitoyltransferase activity

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 positive regulation of heart contraction

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 adrenal gland development

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 corticotropin-releasing hormone binding

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 apoptotic signaling pathway

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 iron-sulfur cluster binding

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 actin filament severing

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 hexosaminidase activity

3.85E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 hyaluronic acid binding

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

 ribosomal large subunit biogenesis

3.85E-02

3.52E-02

1

0

1

0

Overrepresented GO terms – diversifying selection

 transmembrane transporter activity

2.28E-02

1.19E-02

4

23

4

18

 transmembrane transport

2.17E-02

1.25E-02

6

48

6

41

 phospholipid metabolic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 lipid phosphatase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 proteolysis

3.20E-02

2.18E-02

6

53

6

47

 acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 pyruvate metabolic process

1.67E-03

1.75E-03

2

0

2

0

 acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 histone H3 deacetylation

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 intracellular signal transduction

1.51E-02

4.27E-02

4

20

3

16

 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 serine-type endopeptidase activity

5.27E-03

4.56E-03

4

14

4

13

 cytoskeleton

4.98E-02

4.14E-02

2

7

2

6

 septin complex

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 complement activation

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 nociceptin receptor activity

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 calcium-mediated signaling

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 glycerolipid metabolic process

3.98E-02

4.14E-02

2

6

2

6

 kinesin complex

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 kinesin binding

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 lipid catabolic process

4.88E-03

5.10E-03

2

1

2

1

 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

2.25E-02

1.93E-01

2

4

1

4

 L-ascorbic acid binding

1.54E-02

1.58E-01

2

3

1

3

 lipoprotein lipase activity

1.67E-03

1.75E-03

2

0

2

0

 Lys48-specific deubiquitinase activity

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 synapse

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 Sin3 complex

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 sulfate assimilation

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 adenylylsulfate kinase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 glycogen metabolic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 melatonin receptor activity

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 NAD binding

1.54E-02

1.61E-02

2

3

2

3

 urea transmembrane transporter activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 urea transmembrane transport

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 5-methylcytosine catabolic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 DNA demethylation

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 proline biosynthetic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 malate metabolic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 proteasome regulatory particle assembly

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 positive regulation of heart contraction

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 small ribosomal subunit

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

 regulation of neuroinflammatory response

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 hexosaminidase activity

4.11E-02

1.00E+ 00

1

0

0

0

 junctional membrane complex

4.11E-02

4.20E-02

1

0

1

0

Underrepresented GO terms – diversifying selection

 DNA binding

1.89E-02

3.46E-02

0

93

0

77