Fig. 5

Changes in starch and sugar metabolism, expression levels of TPS and TPP as revealed by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR, and content of trehalose after cold stress. a Heat map of the FPKM values generated from the RNA-seq analysis of clones 12–23 and 15–28 under control (column 2 on the right) and cold stress (column 2 on the left) conditions. The IDs of the reference homologous genes and their enzymes collected from the genomic databases are shown on the left. The gradient colour bar code in the upper right corner indicates the normalized FPKM value. b Expression levels of TPS1, TPS2, and TPP as revealed by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. The red curve indicates the FPKM value as revealed by RNA-seq analysis; the green column indicates the value as revealed by RT-qPCR using the 18S rRNA gene as an internal reference; the yellow column indicates the value as revealed by RT-qPCR using the GAPDH gene as an internal reference. c Trehalose content of clones 12–23 and 15–28 under control and cold stress conditions (** indicates p < 0.01)