Fig. 4

Enrichment of TMA-enzymes harbored by gut bacteria in AF patients. a. The relationship between TMA-enzymatic genes and harbored gut bacteria. 16 genera were found to be significantly correlated with TMA-enzymatic genes, CutC, CntA, GrdH and TorA (false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p value < 0.05 and correlation at |r| > 0.4). Yellow, positive correlation; blue, negative correlation; +P < 0.05, and *P < 0.01. b. The box plots show the relative abundance of 16 TMA-enzymatic genes associated genera. Boxes stand for interquartile ranges, with lines representing medians and circles for outliers. c Relative abundance of the 16 genera across groups of CTR and different types of AF patients, including PAF, Pers< 12 m, and Pers> 12 m. Statistical difference was defined at the standard of q-value < 0.05 from Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with P-value corrected into q-value with Benjamini-Hochberg method. Abundance profiles after transformation into Z scores through subtracting the mean abundance and divided by the standard deviation. Z scores colored in blue (negative) or red (positive) indicated row abundance less or more than the average. The heatmap represents the average of all samples of the bacteria in each group. Taxa at q-value < 0.01 are marked with an asterisk colored in dark green, q-value < 0.05 with an asterisk colored in light green, and q-value ≥0.05 with an asterisk colored in gray