Fig. 1

Morphology, histology and immunohistochemistry (n = 4). a The morphological observation of tibia, on lesion development and blood vessel distribution in the tibiotarsus of chicken. AC = articular cartilage; GP = growth plate; BV = blood vessels; TDL = tibial dyschondroplasia lesions. b H&E stained histopathology of the tibial growth plate (GP). The chondrocytes were organized, and growth plate shows regular columns of cells surrounded by blood vessels in the hypertrophic zone of the control group and reduced number of blood vessels in the thiram group (Day 2, 6 and 15). The chondrocytes were damaged, and necrosis was observed. Most importantly erythrocytes were seen in the chondrocytes of control and thiram-fed chickens. Arrows in HZ indicate the blood vessels. HZ = hypertrophic zone (Bar-100 μm). Arrows in RBCs shows the red blood cells which were seen within/around chondrocytes. RBCs = red blood cells (Bar-50 μm), C = control, T = thiram. c Immunohistochemical localization of ITGAV and CLU in control and thiram groups. The control group on day 15 has more localization of ITGAV than thiram group. The thiram group on day 15 has higher localization of CLU which decreased on day 15 in the control group. Arrows indicate the expression of ITGAV and CLU in red blood cells which were seen within/around chondrocytes. T = thiram, C = control. (Bar-50 μm)