Fig. 1

C-di-GMP metabolism and regulation module. Once bacterial cells sense environmental cues, such as light and temperature, the intracellular level of c-di-GMP rapidly changes to amplify the biological input signal. C-di-GMP then is recognized by downstream effector that interact with a downstream target to affect specific physiological processes. C-di-GMP synthesis and degradation is achieved by DGC proteins containing the GGDEF domain and PDE proteins bearing the EAL or HD-GYP domains, respectively. Downstream effectors contain PilZ, degenerate GGDEF or EAL domain, riboswitch, and transcription factors