Fig. 1

Population genomic analysis of the YFCs. a Sampling map (adapted from http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/) showing the geographical locations of all chicken breeds/populations. The newly described chicken breeds are noted by their respective population’s IDs, while red cycles indicate chicken populations retrieved from previous studies [13, 14]. The two populations from Shandong and Jiangsu provinces are Yuanbao bantams. The dotted horizontal lines demarcate the three population clusters. b Principal component analysis (PCA) of all 110 chickens sequenced in this study. YFCs’ clustering patterns are highlighted by dotted red (northern cluster), black (central cluster), and blue (southern cluster) circles. Breed code: HB, Huaibei partridge; ZY, Zhengyang Yellow; JH, Jianghan; ND, Ningdu Yellow; HL, Huanglang; HT, Hetian; WH, Wuhua Yellow; HY, Huiyang bearded; HX, Huaixiang; GX, Guangxi Yellow; WC, Wenchang. c-d ADMIXTURE analysis for K = 2, K = 3, and K = 4