Fig. 3

Developmental dynamics revealed by the rumen metagenomes. a ANOSIM test of microbial metagenomes between the two phases. If the median line of the “combined” group (including data for samples collected during both Phase 1 and Phase 2) was higher than the median lines for the two separate phases, the grouping was considered reasonable, and if the R value was greater than 0, there was a significant difference between the groups. In contrast, an R value less than 0 indicated that the difference within groups was greater than that between groups. b Pie charts showing the proportions and abundances of the five most abundant microbial genera during the dynamic development of the rumen. The line presents the detailed mean alpha-diversity by Simpson index [16] at the species level, and error bars represent SEM