Fig. 2

Principal component analysis (PCA) based on 93 SNPs selected to maximize discriminatory power between wolves and dogs. Wolves are color-coded based on sampling locations, except seven immigrant wolves from the Alpine population sampled in Germany that were color-coded as wolves from Italy (in agreement with previous microsatellite and haplotype data, see text). Purebred dogs were sampled in Finland and non-pedigree dogs in Germany and Romania. Saarloos Wolfdogs and Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs were sampled in Finland and Germany. Suspected wolf-dog hybrids were identified based on previous microsatellite analysis and ancillary evidence (see text). Foxes and golden jackals were included to assess cross-species amplification