Fig. 3

The nonlinear capacitance measurements in the hair cells from bullfrog’s amphibian papilla (AP) and in the exogenous expressed cells. A The voltage-clamped hair cell was depolarized from a holding potential of -80 mV to -20 mV. During the depolarizing stimulus, a Ca²⁺ current was recorded. After the Ca²⁺ current was blocked by the Cd²⁺ at a concentration of 0.4 mM. B Voltage steps (300 ms in duration) varied from − 150 to 100 mV in 10 mV steps were used for capacitance recordings. C Non-linear capacitance obtained from the hair cells of rana’s AP and D from the rana prestin transfected cells