Fig. 1

Diagram showing the experimental conditions and the comparisons made. a The reciprocal transplant experiments were made with experimental populations reared for one generation on artificial diet after field collection for Ostrinia sibling species. They were made using laboratory populations in the case of Spodoptera frugiperda. b Individual pairs of adults were used for mating and oviposition for the RT experiments. c Full-sib eggs have been evenly distributed among replicates on corn or mugwort in the case of Ostrinia sibling species, or on corn and rice in the case of Spodoptera frugiperda. d Larvae were reared from eggs up to the L4 larval stage before mRNA and miRNA extractions. Comparisons made for the differential gene expression analyses are shown by brackets between c and d boxes. Bibliographic references for the complementary datasets used in the present study are shown