Table 1 Categories of predicted differentially-expressed genes between allopatric and sympatric populations. Categories and genes involved in synaptic transmission for the anuran auditory pathway are summarized from [67, 68]. Gene and protein names indicate significant differentially-expressed transcripts between allopatric and sympatric populations for each gene/gene family after FDR correction (0.05)

 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA

–

–

 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA

–

–

 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA)

–

–

 Neurotransmitter transporters

Slc6a12; BGT1

Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter /GABA transporter

 Neurotransmitter transporters

Slc6a13; GAT2

Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2

 Cysteine string protein (CSP)

–

–

 Cytochrome b561

–

–

 Rab and Ra1 proteins

–

–

 Rabphilin-3A

–

 Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs)

SCAMP3

Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3

 Synaptic vesicle protein (SV2)

–

–

 Synapsins

–

–

 Synaptobrevins

–

–

 Synaptogyrin

–

–

 Synaptophysin

–

–

 Synaptotagmin

ESYT2-b

Extended synaptotagmin-2-B

 Transport proteins (channels) for chloride and zinc^a

SLC39A10

Zinc transporter ZIP10

 Vacuolar proton pump

–

–

 Amphiphysin

–

–

 Endophilin

–

–

 AP2 and clathrin

–

–

 Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I and II (CaMKI and CaMKII)

–

–

 Dynamin-1

–

–

 Dynein

–

–

 Kinesins

KIFA3

Kinesin-associated protein 3

 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor MSS4

–

–

 Pp60src (tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates synaptophysin and synaptogyrin)

–

–

 Complexin/synaphin

 Munc13s

–

–

 Neurexins

–

–

 SNAP-25

–

–

 Syntaxins

–

–

 Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

–

–

 RIM

–

–

 Neuroligin

 Cadherin

CDH15; M-cadherin

Cadherin-15

 Munc18s/syntaxin binding protein

–

–

 N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF)

–

–

 α/β/γ SNAPs

–

–