Table.1 Definition of the 19 phylostratum levels
number | Clade beginning to onset of next | Examples of the newly-appeared organisms |
|---|---|---|
1 | All life up to Eukaryota | Eubacteria and bacteria |
2 | Eukaryota to Opisthokonta | Unicellular nucleated cells |
3 | Opisthokonta to Holozoa | Yeasts and molds |
4 | Holozoa to Metazoa | Choanoflagellates |
5 | Metazoa to Eumetazoa | Sponges and jellyfish |
6 | Eumetazoa to Bilateria | Sea anemones |
7 | Bilateria to Deuterostomia | Worms, limpets and octopus |
8 | Deuterostomia to Chordata | Sea urchins |
9 | Chordata to Olfactores | Lancelets |
10 | Olfactores to Craniata | Sea squirts |
11 | Craniata to Euteleostomi | Lampreys |
12 | Euteleostomi to Tetrapoda | Jawed fish |
13 | Tetrapoda to Amniota | Frogs and toads |
14 | Amniota to mammalia | Birds and reptiles |
15 | Mammalia to Eutheria | Platypus (15.1); Opossum (15.2) |
16 | Eutheria to Boreoeutheria | Early placental animals (elephant, armadillo) |
17 | Boreoeutheria to Euarchontoglires | Hoofed and pawed animals |
18 | Euarchontoglires to Primata | Rabbits and rodents |
19 | Primata | Monkeys (19.1); great apes (19.2) |