Fig. 5

RAxML phylogeny with single-copy orthologs and sigma GST genes. (A) RAxML-ng tree generated with concatenated amino acid alignments from 95 genes in 384 taxa (374 Coleoptera, 10 outgroup taxa), including O. rhinoceros. Phylogeny is well resolved, with all branches having > 65% support (all major lineages have > 90% support). Oryctes rhinoceros is correctly placed within Dynastinae, along with two other members of this subfamily (branch support 100%). Superfamily Scarabaeoidea is shaded in green. (B) RAxML tree generated with nucleotide sequences of GST genes identified in O. rhinoceros, O. taurus, T. castaeum and D. melanogaster. Nine putative sigma GST paralogues are detected in O. rhinoceros, while O. taurus contains 12 genes (with one technical duplication (LOC111415879 and LOC111428738) that resulted from the terminal position of the predicted gene on two separate scaffolds). Although seven sigma GST genes were previously reported in T. castaneum [37], only five were detected in its current genome annotation [53]. Sigma GST class is shaded in blue. Other GST classes (omega, delta, theta, epsilon, zeta) are found as divergent and highly-supported branches