Fig. 1

Distribution of lncRNA transcripts in the RPE. Volcano plots of lncRNAs in BXS (A) and BXS-H₂O₂ (B). Log₂ cytoplasm:nuclear fold change and corresponding log₁₀ adjusted p-value are plotted for each transcript. Transcripts with fold change > 2 are colored blue, adjusted p < 0.01 are green, both fold change > 2 and adjusted p < 0.01 are yellow. Genes confirmed via FISH are red (A). Pie graphs of the distribution of lncRNAs within BXS (C) and BXS-H₂O₂ (D). The cytoplasmic categorization is indicated by orange with horizontal stripes, nuclear by blue with vertical stripes, and mixed by purple with crosshatched stripes. The total number of transcripts in each category and the percentage of the whole are indicated. E RNA-FISH images of iPSC-RPE confirming localization of NEAT1, MTND1P23, and SNHG16 (red) and counterstained with Hoechst solution (blue). Arrows indicate some of the localized RNAs. Scale bar is 5 µm