Fig. 1

Differential expression of Cry receptor-like genes in the midgut of G. mellonella fourth-instar larvae at 6 and 12 h after oral administration of Cry1AcF toxin (dose: 27 ng per larva). Asterisk indicates significant (*P < 0.01, **P < 0.001; Tukey’s HSD test) difference in fold change value of the target gene compared to its baseline expression (fold change value set at 1) in control insect. G. mellonella housekeeping genes 18S rRNA and EF-1α were used as internal reference. Each bar represents the mean fold change value ± SE of qPCR runs in five biological and three technical replicates