Fig. 3

Analysis of BPH feeding behavior using electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis. Abbreviations: WT, wild-type rice; OE, rice overexpressing OsNCED3; and RNAi, OsNCED3-silenced rice. A single BPH was allowed to feed on an individual rice plant, and the effective feeding time was 6 h. Panels: NP, the duration of the non-probing stage; N1, duration of probing; N2, duration of stylet movement in vascular bundles; N3, duration of stylet movement outside phloem cells; N4, duration of sap ingestion in the phloem; and N5, duration of water ingestion in xylem. Error bars represent the means ± SE where n = 3; experiments contained three or more replicates. Columns labeled with different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 (Duncan´s multiple range test)