Fig. 3

Orthology and evolutionary analysis among species. A Species phylogenetic tree and gene family expansion/contraction. The phylogenetic relationships of S. cinerearia with other insects were characterized using a maximum likelihood analysis of a concatenation of single‐copy orthologous protein sequences and 100 bootstrap replicates. The numbers of gene families that underwent expansion (red) or contraction (green) are shown on branches with predicted species divergence times plotted at each node. B Orthologous genes distribution. The bars are subdivided to indicate different orthologous relationships. Single-copy and multiple-copy orthologs are families in which each species has only one or more than one copy, respectively. Other orthologs are genes with matches with other species that could not be placed into other ortholog categories. Unclustered genes are genes in each species that could not be associated with the gene predictions in any of the other lineages. Unique paralogs show species-specific families. C Relative evolutionary rates of these species. The analysis was performed using single-copy protein-coding genes with S. cinerearia as the reference species and P. bianor as the outgroup species. The x-axis indicates the relative evolutionary rates of the species