Fig. 2

Effect of green feed on transcriptional profile in rumen of dairy buffaloes (six animals for each condition), identified using NOISeq software (prob ≥0.8). a Top: Volcano plot that illustrates differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rumen of dairy buffaloes fed a TMR + green feed (Treated) versus animals fed the TMR diet (Control). The significance of the differential expression (probability, y-axis) is plotted versus fold change expression level (x-axis). Red and green dots depict the genes that are significantly up- and down-regulated in treated versus control animals; black dots are genes whose expression levels did not reach the statistical significance (prob ≥0.8) between the two experimental groups. Bottom: Bar graph that shows the number of up- and down-regulated genes in treated vs control animals. b Heatmap representation of significant DEGs (61) across all the samples. Blue-red gradient shows low to high expression levels for each gene. Dendrogram represents a hierarchical clustering based on Pearson correlation values. c Venn diagram that shows the overlap between DEGs identified with EdgeR (nominal p-values < 0.05) and NOISeq (prob ≥0.8) tools