Table 1 Top up-regulated genes in rumen of treated vs control dairy buffaloes identified using EdgeR tool (nominal p-values < 0.05) tool. (FC: fold change)

MKRN3

probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-3

2.84

1.97

1.07E-02

LOC102407663

interferon alpha-inducible protein 27-like protein 2 isoform X1

2.05

3.01

9.85E-04

SIM2

single-minded homolog 2 isoform X1

1.83

1.40

4.01E-02

LOC102408976

interferon alpha-inducible protein 27, mitochondrial

1.57

3.09

8.11E-04

C2H6orf15

uncharacterized protein C6orf15 homolog isoform X2

1.5

1.85

1.42E-02

HSD17B13

17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13

1.47

1.95

1.12E-02

CSTA

cystatin-A

1.37

1.42

3.77E-02

LOC102411389

pantetheinase isoform X3

1.34

2.17

6.78E-03

SLC46A2

thymic stromal cotransporter homolog

1.27

2.35

4.46E-03

LOC102395439

four and a half LIM domains protein 1, partial

1.21

3.83

1.48E-04

PRR19

proline-rich protein 19 isoform X2

1.17

1.62

2.38E-02

CACNG4

voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit

1.11

1.65

2.23E-02

CCDC85A

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85A isoform X5

1.08

1.90

1.27E-02

IGFBP6

insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6

1.06

2.46

3.44E-03

FCER2

low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor isoform X3

1.04

1.31

4.94E-02

LOC102397197

tubulin alpha-1D chain

1.03

3.64

2.29E-04

DUOXA1

dual oxidase maturation factor 1 isoform X2

1.03

3.51

3.06E-04

RTL5

retrotransposon Gag-like protein 5 isoform X1

1.02

1.48

3.31E-02

TPPP3

tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3

0.99

3.95

1.12E-04

IFI44L

interferon-induced protein 44-like isoform X1

0.97

2.01

9.79E-03