Fig. 1

Illustration of symptoms caused by Gymnosporangium asiaticum and G. yamadae telia on juniper branches. a Telia of G. asiaticum on juniper leaves and branches. III: the late stage of the teila of G. asiaticum with the matured teliospores. b Telia of G. yamadae on juniper young branches. I: the early stage of the gall development without the G. yamadae teliospores formation; II: the middle stage with the G. yamadae teliospores break through the gall. III: the late stage of gall development with the mature G. yamadae teliospores. c Cross-section of healthy juniper young branch. d Cross-section of the gall and G. yamadae telia on juniper young branch. The G. yamadae telia break through periderm with the teliospores spill out and induce the phloem and cortex tissues accreted. Bars: 200 μm