Table 1 The kinetic and quality parameters of Mediterranean buffalo sperm in the GFE and PFE groups

Ejaculate volume (mL)

6.68 ± 0.99

6.98 ± 0.67

Concentration(10⁸/mL)

14.84 ± 1.35

14.97 ± 1.52

Total motility (TM, %)

67.80 ± 0.60

67.40 ± 0.80

Curvilinear velocity (VCL; µm/s)

126.41 ± 7.15

137.86 ± 6.96

Straight-line velocity (VSL; µm/s)

35.39 ± 2.59

35.76 ± 3.38

Average path velocity (VAP; µm/s)

68.42 ± 4.06

70.59 ± 4.88

Linearity (LIN; %)

27.00 ± 1.00

25.00 ± 1.00

Straightness (STR; %)

48.00 ± 1.00

46.00 ± 1.00

Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH; µm)

3.46 ± 0.19

3.83 ± 0.10

Beat cross-frequency (BCF; Hz)

10.28 ± 0.42

9.41 ± 0.33

Thawed sperm total motility (TM, %)

33.00 ± 1.00 ^a

17.00 ± 3.00^b