Fig. 1

The schematic illustration of the research analysis. (i)The samples of the four stages were integrated, and a series of quality controls were carried out to obtain the GEMs. (ii)Construct CCSNs based on gene expression data at different stages. (iii) Display of cell clustering results of GEM and CCSN at different stages. (iv) B cells were selected for further analysis. Based on CCSN and GEM, common genes with significant differences between different stages of COVID-19 were found and downstream analyses were performed. (v) Demonstrate network dynamics at different stages. (vi) Find ‘dark’ genes with no significant differences at the gene expression level but significant differences at the network degree level. (vii) Perform downstream analysis of ‘dark’ genes