Fig. 2

Heatmap of major genes involved in carbohydrate, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolisms in the Rhodotorula genome. Filled circle (light blue) indicate the presence of a gene whereas empty circles indicate its absence. Abbreviations for the headers are as follows: LM, Lactate Metabolism; EM, Ethanol Metabolism; AM, Aldehyde Metabolism; CS, Carotenoid Synthesis. The described functions of glycoside hydrolases (GH), pectinases (PL) and esterases (CE) are in Table S6. Abbreviations for the gene names are as follows: HK, hexokinase; galK, galactokinase; MPI, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; XYLB, xylulokinase; NRT, nitrate/nitrite transporter; NR, nitrate reductase (NAD(P)H); NIT-6, nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H); NIT4, nitrate assimilation; amiE, aliphatic amidase; glnA, glutamine synthetase; GLT1, glutamate synthase (NADH); GDH2, glutamate dehydrogenase; met3, sulfate adenylyltransferase; cysC, adenylylsulfate kinase; cysH, phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase; cysJ, sulfite reductase (NADPH) flavoprotein alpha-component; cysI, sulfite reductase (NADPH) hemoprotein beta-component; lldD, L-lactate dehydrogenase; LDHD, D-lactate dehydrogenase; ACH1, acetyl-CoA hydrolase; ackA, acetate kinase; acs, acetyl-CoA synthetase; BCKDHA, 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase alpha subunit; BCKDHB, 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase beta subunit; DBT, dihydrolipoyl transacylase; ACOX1 acyl-CoA oxidase; ECHS1, enoyl-CoA hydratase; HIBCH, 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase; mmsA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACACA, malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; ABAT, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; adh, alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP +); adhC, alcohol dehydrogenase; adhP, alcohol dehydrogenase, propanol-preferring; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD +); ALDH3, aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P) +); AL2, 15-cis-phytoene synthase / lycopene beta-cyclase; AL1, phytoene desaturase