Fig. 4

a & b Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the day-3 (a) and day-7 (b) compared to the day-0 regenerated groups. Volcano plots illustrating DEGs in the day-3 and day-7 groups, respectively. The x-axis represents the fold change in gene expression, while the y-axis represents the statistical test value of the gene expression variation. The values on both axes are logarithmically normalized. Each point on the plot corresponds to a specific gene; red points indicate significantly up-regulated genes, blue points indicate significantly down-regulated genes, and gray points represent genes with no significant difference. c Venn diagram presenting the number of commonly and significantly differentially up-regulated and down-regulated genes across different regeneration time points