Fig. 6
Heatmaps showing the presence (black) or absence (white) of genes associated with antibiotic-resistance (A), virulence factors (B), and bacteriocin synthesis (C) in E. faecium subclades I and II and E. lactis genomes. The phylogenetic tree of Enterococcus genomes based on the 92 housekeeping core genes of the genomes is indicated at the top. 1, Antibiotics efflux (acrE, multidrug export protein; efmA, multidrug efflux MFS transporter; efrA, multidrug efflux ABC transporter subunit; efrB, multidrug efflux ABC transporter subunit; evgS, sensor protein; fexB, aerobic respiration control sensor protein; mefH, macrolide-efflux protein; qacH, quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein; tet(L), tetracycline efflux MFS transporter; tet(U), tetracycline resistance ribosomal protection protein; tetA(P), tetracycline efflux MFS transporter; 2, antibiotic efflux; antibiotic target alteration (liaF, membrane component associated to the LiaRS two-component system; liaR, two-component response regulator; liaS, two-component system sensor histidine kinase); 3, antibiotic inactivation (aac(6’)-li, aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein; aacA-aphD, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase; aad(6), putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; aadk, aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase; ant6, aminoglycoside adenyltransferase; aphA, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase; cat, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; fosB, transcription factor AP-1 subunit; lnuG, lincosamide O-nucleotidyltransferase; satA, streptothricin acetyltransferase; vatE, vacuolar H+-ATPase E subunit); 4, antibiotic target alteration (clsA, cardiolipin synthase A; ddl, non van d-Ala-d-Ala ligase; eis, N-acetyltransferase, kanamycin resistance; emtA, rRNA methyltransferase; ermA, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase; ermB, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase; ermT, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase; tufA, elongation factor Tu-F; vanA, d-Ala-d-lactate ligase; vanB, d-Ala-d-lactate ligase; vanHA, d-lactate dehydrogenase; vanN, d-Ala-d-Ser ligase; vanHB, d-lactate dehydrogenase; vanRA, response regulator transcription factor; vanRB, response regulator transcription factor; vanSA, histidine kinase; vanSB, histidine kinase; vanSM, histidine kinase; vanTN, membrane-bound serine racemase; vanWB, glycopeptide resistance accessory protein; vanXA, d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptidase; vanXB, d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptidase; vanXYN, d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptidase/d-Ala-d-Ala carboxypeptidase; vanYA, d-Ala-d-Ala carboxypeptidase; vanYB, d-Ala-d-Ala carboxypeptidase; vanZA, glycopeptide resistance protein) 5, antibiotic target protection (eatAv, serine protease; lsaE, ABC-F type ribosomal protection protein; mel, α-galactosidase; msrC, ABC-F subfamily protein; optrA, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein; tet(M), ribosomal protection protein; tetB(P), tetracycline resistance ribosomal protection protein); 6, antibiotic target replacement (dfrF, trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase; dfrG, trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase); 7, adherence (ebpA, endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus subunit; scm, collagen adhesin protein; esp, surface protein precursor; fimC, outer membrane usher protein; fss3, collagen binding MSCRAMM; sgrA, cell wall anchored protein; srtC, fimbrial associated sortase; acm, collagen adhesin precursor; ebpC, endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus major subunit endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus subunit; lap, listeria adhesion protein; efaA, endocarditis specific antigen; tufA, elongation factor Tu-F; groEL, chaperonin); 8, antimicrobial activity/competitive advantage (acrA, acriflavine resistance protein A); 9, biofilm formation (bopD, sugar-binding transcriptional regulator); 10, exoenzyme (hylB, hyaluronidase; speB, pyrogenic exotoxin); 11, immune modulation (cap8E, type 8 capsular polysaccharide synthesis protein; cdsA, phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase; uppS, undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase; wbtLB, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase; ugdC, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; hasC, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; gmd, GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase; gndA, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; glf, UDP-galactopyranose mutase); 12, motility (flgl, flagellar P-ring protein); 13, nutritional/metabolic factor (hpt, hexose phosphate transport protein; lplA, lipoate protein ligase; iucA, aerobactin siderophore biosynthesis protein; ybtS, salicylate synthase; psaA, manganese ABC transporter); 14, stress survival (clpC, endopeptidase Clp ATP-binding chain C; clpE, ATP-dependent Clp protease; bsh, bile salt hydrolase; clpP, ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit; ureG, urease accessory protein; msrAB, methionine sulfoxide reductases); 15, bacteriocin (agrA, accessory gene regulator protein A; bceA, bacitracin export ATP-binding protein; bcrA, bacitracin transport ATP-binding protein; enkB, enterocin NKR-5-3B; enkZ, enterocin NKR-5-3Z; entl, enterolysin A; hirJM79, hiracin-JM79; imm, colicin immunity protein; lagD, lactococcin G transporter; mccF, microcin C7 self-immunity protein; mcdK, histidine kinase; msbA, lipid A-core flippase; munC, mundticin KS immunity protein; padR, negative transcription regulator; pisA, bacteriocin piscicolin-126; regX3, sensory transduction protein; znuC, zinc import ATP-binding protein)