Table 2 Gene contents in thirteen complete chloroplast genomes of the Costaceae family
Category of genes | Group of genes | Name of genes |
|---|---|---|
Self-replication | DNA dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2 |
Large subunit of ribosomal proteins | rpl2 (×2)*, rpl14, rpl16*, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23 (×2), rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 | |
Small subunit of ribosomal proteins | rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7 (×2), rps8, rps11, rps12 (×2)*, rps14, rps15, rps16*, rps18, rps19 (×2) | |
RNA genes | Ribosomal RNA | rrn4.5 (×2), rrn5 (×2), rrn16 (×2), rrn23 (×2) |
Transfer RNA | trnA-UGC (×2)*, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC (×2)⑥, trnG-UCC*①, trnH-GUG (×2), trnI-GAU (×2)*, trnK-UUU*, trnL-CAA (×2), trnL-UAA*, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU (×4), trnN-GUU (×2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG (×2), trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA⑤, trnS-UGA⑤, trnT-GGU⑤, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC (×2), trnV-UAC*, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA, trnfM-CAU②, trnI-CAU③, trnS-CGA④ | |
Photosynthesis related genes | Subunits of photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ |
Subunits of photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ, infA | |
Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex | petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petL, petN | |
Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI | |
Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase | ndhA*, ndhB (×2)*, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK | |
Subunit of rubisco | rbcL | |
Other genes | Subunit of acetyl-coA-carboxylase | accD |
c-type cytochrome synthesis gene | ccsA | |
Envelop membrane protein | cemA | |
Protease | clpP** | |
Maturase | matK | |
Genes of unknown function | Conserved open reading frames | ycf1 (×2), ycf2 (×2), ycf3**, ycf4 |