Fig. 2From: Integrated physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses elucidate the regulation mechanisms of lignin synthesis under osmotic stress in alfalfa leaf (Medicago sativa L.)The metabolite contents (A) and enzyme activities (B) related to lignin synthesis under osmotic stress in the leaves of alfalfa. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4–coumaric acid: CoA ligase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; F5H, ferulate5-hydroxylase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; UGT, uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; LAC, laccase; POD, peroxidase. The asterisk represents DAMs with a|log2-fold change| > 1 and P < 0.05. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)Back to article page