Fig. 2

(a) The ML phylogenetic tree, rooted with Groundnut enation virus (GEV), is based on polerovirus sequences including BaABYV-IR-1 and the reference sequences of poleroviruses. The bootstrap values below 100 are indicated in the main nodes. (b) Heatmap displaying the pairwise distance between polerovirus reference nucleotide sequences and BaABYV-IR-1, calculated by MEGA X. The color intensity corresponds to distance levels, with dark red for highest and dark green for the lowest distance. (c) Recombination event in the BaABYV-IR-1 genome, identified through RDP analysis including reference polerovirus sequences and BaABYV-IR-1. This event was detected by RDP, MaxChi, Chimaera, SiScan, and 3Seq with a P-value less than 10^− 09. The estimated major and minor parents were BrYV and PeVYV. (d) The recombination region is demarcated in red from positions 4,166 to 4,890 within the BaABYV-IR-1 sequence in ORF5