Fig. 4

(a) The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on partial sequence of the Watermelon mosaic virus isolate (WMV-IR-BA) using 10 WMV isolates, reference sequence of potyviruses and subgroup BCMV, rooted by LMV. The bootstrap values < 100 are indicated in the main nodes. (b) Heatmap based on a matrix including the pairwise distance between the nucleotide sequence of reference sequences of potyviruses, subgroup BCMV with the sequence of the WMV-IR-BA isolate calculated by MEGA X. The color intensity indicates the level of distance between the species. Dark red indicates the greatest divergence, while dark green indicates the least. (c) Recombination event in genome of the WMV-IR-BA isolate detected by RDP analysis of a matrix including reference sequences of potyviruses, 10 WMV isolates, and the WMV-IR-BA isolate. This event has been detected by GENECONV, BootScan, MaxChi, SiScan, and 3Seq with a P-value less than 10^− 06. The estimated major and minor parents were WMV-C05-465 and Buan 4 − 1. (d) The schematic presentation of the WMV-IR-BA genome. The recombination region is in red color in positions 2,241-3,757 in the WMV-IR-BA sequence, located in the NIb and CP regions