Fig. 1
From: Distinct regulatory networks control toxin gene expression in elapid and viperid snakes
Toxin gene expression in an elapid (Pseudonaja textilis) and two viperids (Crotalus viridis and C. tigris) over a time course of 96 hours post venom gland milking (hpvm) in comparison to venom proteomes. Time points are shown for (A) P. textilis at 0 and 96 hpvm, (B) C. viridis at 0, 24, 72, and 96 hpvm, and (C) C. tigris at 0, 24, and 96 hpvm. Bar colors represent the time after venom milking. Pie charts (insets in respective panels) correspond to the venom proteomes of P. textilis [54], C. viridis [70] and C. tigris [68]. Toxin identifications are as follows: 3FTx = three-finger toxin, 5NUC = 5’-nucleotidase; AChE = acetylcholinesterase; BPP = Bradykinin-potentiating peptide; CRISP = cysteine-rich secretory protein; CVF = cobra venom factor; CYS = cystatin; HYAL = hyaluronidase; KUN = Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor; LAAO = L-amino acid oxidase; NGF = nerve growth factor; NP = natriuretic peptide; PLA2 = phospholipase A2; SNAC = snake venom C-type lectin; SVMP = snake venom metalloproteinase; SVSP = snake venom serine protease; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; VES = vespryn; vFV = venom factor V (pseutarin C non-catalytic subunit); vFX = venom factor X (pseutarin C catalytic subunit); WAP = waprin. Photo credits: P. textilis, Ákos Lumnitzer; C. viridis, Wolfgang Wüster; C. tigris, Ben Lowe