Fig. 5
From: Distinct regulatory networks control toxin gene expression in elapid and viperid snakes
Predicted cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions of highly expressed group I and group II phospholipase A2s. Promoters regions upstream from Transcription Initiation Sites (TISs) are shown: 385 bp for (A) group IB PLA2 (AY027495) from Pseudonaja textilis, 706 bp for (B) group IA PLA2 (AB111958) from Laticauda semifasciata, 367 bp for (C) group IA PLA2 (AF101235) from Naja sputatrix, 702 bp for (D) group II PLA2_A1 from Crotalus viridis, and 705 bp for (E) group II PLA2_acidic (XM_039367474) from C. tigris. Fold-changes in expression levels are shown between milked and unmilked glands (96 h post venom milking) for trans-factors known to interact with the predicted cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Identified regulatory regions are bolded in promoter regions for AB111958 [98] and AF101235 [38]. This includes a region from − 232 to -162 in AB111958 that was found to be responsible for an increase in promoter activity (bolded red) and a suppressor region from − 410 to -382 (bolded blue) [98]. CRE predictions were completed with the online server AliBaba2.1 using the TRANSFAC 4.0 database. CREs shared across panels are bolded blue. Photo credits: P. textilis, Ákos Lumnitzer; L. semifasciata, Patrick Davis; N. sputatrix, Matej Dolinay; C. viridis, Wolfgang Wüster; C. tigris, Ben Lowe