Table 2 miRNA differences between elapid and viperid milked venom glands

miR-375

Present

Absent

Multiple transcript targets predicted that relate to ubiquitin regulation, stress response, collagen biosynthesis, translation, endocytosis and trafficking (Supplemental Table 14) [103].

miR-148a-3p

359,436 CPM

140,288 CPM

Predicted to target C-type lectin-like toxin transcript in P. textilis (SNAC_5), no predicted targets in viperids (Supplemental Tables 13 and Supplemental Table 15).

miR-21-5p

22,809 CPM

157,080 CPM

No predicted mRNA targets in the elapid but predicted to target the N-alpha-acetyltransferase 25 auxiliary subunit in viperid (Supplemental Table 15).

miR-215-5p

Absent

Present

Predicted to target a SVMP transcript (SVMP_4) in C. viridis MVGs (Supplemental Table 13).

Top ten miRNAs

Toxin transcripts targeted:

Snaclecs, group I PLA₂s, 3FTxs and pseutarin C.

Toxin transcripts targeted:

SVMPs

Different toxin transcript targets were predicted from elapid and viperid venom glands (Supplemental Table 13).

miRNAs over 100 CPM

mRNA transcripts targeted:

Intracellular transport, catabolic processes, metabolic processes, organelle organization, and ER to Golgi mediated transport.

mRNA transcripts targeted:

Regulation of mRNA processing, catabolic processes, negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization, steroid hormone receptor signal, stress granule assembly, transport, and ER stress.

Transcripts for proteins involved in different biological processes were targeted in elapid and viperid MVGs (Fig. 6).

Pte-miR-1

Present in the P. textilis MVG

Absent

Predicted to target 510 mRNAs expressed in the P. textilis MVG. These included transcripts for proteins involved in ER to Golgi vesicle transport, ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (Supplemental Fig. 8).